Carbureter.



Z. S. HOFFMAN.

GARBURETBR.

Y' APPLICATION FILED AUG. 18, 1910. 1,010,051. Patent-,ea 1101128, 1911.

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vENToz y Zan aus SHCI a1\, f Z Mwf@ Z. S. HOFFMAN.

CARBURBTER.

APPLICATION nLBD 111114.18, 1910.

' 1,010,051, Patented 1m28, 1911.

.3 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

WITNESSES:

M??? Zal: amas E 'vmmmaq, y@ /Z @M53 ATTORNEYS z. s. HOFFMAN. l GARBURETBR.

' APPLICATION FILED AUG. 18, 1910. 1,010,051. Y Patented 11011.28, 1911.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

INVENTR Zar: am@ SED? EN UNTTED sTATEs PATENT oEETcE.

ZACHARIAH S. HOFFMAN; OF NEWARK, JERSEY, ASSIGNOR OF WARREN T. FREY, F IRVINGTON, NEW JERSEY.

, CAREURETER.

specificati@ of Letters Patent.. Patented Nov. 28, 19.11.

AApplication filed August 18, 1910. Serial No. 577,856.

ToaZZ whom. it may concern:

Be it known that I, ZAGHARIAH S. HOFF- MAN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Newark, in the county of Essex and .State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Carbureters; and l. do hereby declare the following l,to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the saine, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to characters of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

The present invention has reference, generally, to improvements in Carloni-eters for internal combustion motors; and, the present invention has "for its principal object to provide a novel and simply constructed apparatus or device b y means-of which a per'- fect admixture of the gasolene with air is obtained to produce the explosive gas which is to be passed into the lcylinder of the combustion motor.

The invention has for its further object to provide a means for obviating the necessity of a vacuum to lift the fuel or gasolene from the spray nozzle; a'nd, in place thereof, providing a method whereby the air passes through the carbureter at the full normal atmospheric pressure, and at a high velocity, so that the same takes up the fuel or gasolene in passing the spray nozzle and thoroughly atomizes or mixes the said fuel or gasolene through said inrushing air. In this manner, it is possible-to obtain from -the air and fuel' or gasolene combined, the

maximum explosive effect or eiiciency which producesv a maximumy of heat-units and a consequent increased eiiiciency of power.

A1 further object of this present invention 'is to provide agovernor for automatically controlling the tlow of fuel-or gasolene to the spray-nozzles, thev operation of the governor being controlled by the throttle movements, so that a proper balance inthe quantity or proportion of gasolene to the amount of air,

.admitted to the carbureter by said throttleshutter, is automatically maintained, thus keeping supplied to the motor-cylinders a proper admixture -of air and gasolene with reference tothe amount of work or power thev internal combustion motor.

Other objects of this invention not at this time more particularly enumerated will be clearly evident from the following detailed description of the same.

With the various objects of the present invention in view, the wsaid invention consists,

primarily, inthe novel carbureter for internal combustion` motors hereinafter more fully set forth; and. furthermore, this invention consists in the vnovel arrangements and coml'nations of the various devices and parts, as well as in the details of the construction of the Same, allv of which will be presently more fully described and then finally embodied in the clauses of the claims which are appended to and which form an essential part of this specication. Y

Th e invention is clearly illustrated in the, p

accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a front elevation of a carbureter showing one embodiment of the principles of the present invention; Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same; and Fig. 3 is a longitudinal vertical section of the same, taken on line 3-3 in said Fig. 2, looking in the direction of the arrow said Fig. 3 being drawn upon an enlarged scale. Fig. 4 is a detail horizontal section, taken on line 4 4 in said Fig. 3, looking in a downward direction; Fig. 5 is a detail horizontal section, taken on line 5--5 in Vsaid Fig. 3, also looking in a downward direction; and Fig. 6 is a detail horizontal section, taken on line 6 6 in said Fig. 3, looking in a downward direction, but illustrating the throttle-shutter of said carbureter in its completely open position. Fig. 7 is another horizontal section, taken on line 7-7 in said Fig. 3, also 'looking in a downward direction; Fig. 8 is a detaillongitudinal vertical section, taken on line 8*8 in said 3, looking in the direction of the arrow y, this view being illustrated upon a still further enlarged scale; Fig. 9 is a detail longitudinal vertical section, similar to that shown in Fig. 8, but illustrating the parts shown therein in their operated positions; and Fig. 10 isa detail view of a portion of a gasolene valve showing its operative connection with the throttle-hub of the carbureter. y v I Similar characters of reference Vare employed in all of the herein-ahovedescrihed -views,to indicate corresponding parts. it is desired to produce 1n the operation of Referring now to the said drawings, the

lcarbureter made in accordance with the' principles of the present invention, the. same comprising acylindrical shell or body 2 provided at its upper end with lan outwardly Haring enlarged portion or dome-like shell 5 3 from whichextends Vupwardly an internally screw-threaded connecting pipe 4 forming the outlet of said carbureter. The said cylindrical shell or body 2 is provided in itswalls with oppositcly facing rectangular opcnings'5, and said shell or body'2 -ls further provided,v at a point. above said openings 5, with an annular shoulder 6 having a downwardly depending fiange 7, said shoulder and flange forming a scat winch is adapted' to receive one end of a cylindrical body 8, preferably ofv glass, andadapted to fit over said cylindrical shell or body 2 to close its said openings 5, a gasket S) beingr arranged in said seat so as to provide a tight joint or connection between the said body S with said shell or body 2. 'Ilhc said body 8 being, as has been stated, preferably made of glass, is transparent'so that a view of a portion of the interior fof said carbureter may be had, while the same is in operation, to readily ascertain that the parts of the device and the carbureter are properly fulfilling their functions.

1`he reference-character 10 indicates a throttle-casing, the same being provided with a cover or plate 11 which is secured thereto by means' of screws 12, or any other suitable fastening means. The said cover o r plate 11 is provided with a screwthreaded .openingl 13 adapted' to receive the lower screwreaded end 14 of said cylindr1cal shell or body 2 for the purpose of operatively joining the `same with said cover` -`plate 11 and said throttle-casing 10. Lo- 40` cated adjacent to the marginal circumference of said 'screw-threaded opening 13 of the cover-plate 11 is an upwardly extending concentric liange 15 adapted to form a re` ceiving socket in which is seated the lower end of the said body 8. Said receiving socketfmay be provided with a gasket 16 so as to produce a tight joint or connection 'i between said body 8 and said cover-plate 11. Said throttle-casing 10 is provided with 'a downwardly extending cylindrical portion 17 forming -an air-inletin registration with said screw-threaded openin 13 of the coverplate' 11 and the opening o said cylindrical shell or body 2. Saidthrottle-casing 10 .is

within t e same and registering with said screw-threaded opening 13 of the coverplate 11 and the opening of said cylindrical shell or body 2, said seat 18 being adapted to form a proper contact with a throttleshutter-when it is' desired to completely or' partially close the'air-inletof said carbureter.4 LPivotally mounted in bearing-por tions 'or receiving sockets 19 and 2O located, respectively, inthe said cover-plate 11 and further rovided with seat, as 18, arranged the said throttle-casing 10, is the hubportion 21 of a throttle-shutter 22 'which adapted to swing or slide withinl said throttle-casing 10. The said hub-portion 21 is provided with an upwardly extending part 23, which extends through and above said cover-plato 1l, and lo which may be secured, in a suitablel manner, a. lever or arm 2ei,iby means of which said throttle-shutter can be operated so as to produce its opening and closing movements.

'lhe throttle-casing 10 is' further .provided with a downwardly extending valve-casing 25, preferably forming an integral partthereof, and arranged so as to-turn withinA said casing 25 is a gasolenc or fuel-regulating valve 26, thc same being adapted to in- A crease or decrease the flow of gasolene or fuel in proportion to the size or area of the j I opening of said throttle 'shutter 22; and, 85- hence operating simultaneously With the movement of said throttle-shutter. To this end, said regulating-valve 26 is provided with an upwardly extending shank 27, provided, in turn, at its npperend with a female clutch-member 2S,and the hub-portion 21 of the throttle-sl'iutter 22 is provided with a downwardly extending portion 29 having at its lower end a -malo clutch -V member 30 adapted to engage with said female clutchmember 2`,so that said valve 26 is operated or moved when the throttle-shutter is operated or moved. 4Said regulating valve 26 is provided with a centrally disposed tubular member 31 which extends longitudinally through the valvecasing and upwardly through a suitable opening in the hub-portions 21 of the throttle shutter 22, the said member 31 presenting its upper end lfrom an opening in the part 23 above said cover-platel 11. The said regulating valve 26 is also provided with an opening or gasolene-passage A 32 which extends from its under side and leads into a horizontally disposed channel or passage; 33 in the side of said valve 26. Suitably connected with and extending from the said valve-casing 25 areV a plurality of 'gasoleneconveying ducts or pipes, preferably three in number, which are respectively indicated by the reference-numerals 34,l 35 115 and 36. The intake ends of'saidx ducts or pipes are adapted to be brought into registration with said horizontal c annel or passage 33 upon the movement of saidregulating valve 26. Said ducts or pipes 34, 35 120 and 36 extend outwardly from said valvecasing- 25 and. pass through the wall of the cylindrical portion 17 forming the air-inlet of said carbureter, and penetrate into` the same, the said duct or pipe 34 being pro- 125 vided with an upwardly extending portion 37 which terminates in a sprayfnozzlev38 which is located in such a manner that it is in contact with the under side of the throttle-shutter 22 and is closed -thereby,'when l?" the throttle-shutter is in its closed position; but, it is so arranged that it is the first spray-nozzle to be passed and put in operation by the first or partial openingmovement of said throttle-shutter 22. In like manner, the said duct or pipe is provided with a forked portion' 39 providing two upwardly extending portions 40 and 40 terminating'in spray nozzles 41 and 41 which are located so as to be in closed contact with the throttle-shutter when t-he latter is closed or partially opened; but, are arranged so that they are put in operation after t-he spray-nozzle 38, above described, is passed which occurs upon a further opening movement of said throttle-shutter 22. AHIn like manner, the said duct or pipe 36 is provided with an upwardly extending portion 42 terminating in a spray-nozzle 43 which is the lastto be put in operation upon the complete or full opening movement of the throttle-shutter 22, all of which will be VTreadily understood from an inspection of Figs. 6 and 7 of the accompanying drawings. The respective spray-nozzles 38, 41, 41 and 43 are constructed. preferably in the form of star-shaped shells of any desirable number of points or extensions, forming outwardly wall thereof with which is connected the end of a gasolene supply pipe 51. Saidgasoleneinclined channels 44 terminating at the ends of the respective points. This novel form of spray-nozzle distributes the gasolene or fuel over a comparatively large area Vand rim-periphery, and thereby exposes a maximum`quantity of the gasolene or fuel tothe atomizing or absorbing effect of the air rushing past said spray-nozzles and into the carbureter, whereby an explosive gas of maximum eliciency is obtained. The lower end of said valve-casing 25 is provided with a screw-threaded opening 45 adaptedto receive the screw-threaded boss 46 of a gasolene intake-member 47, t-he same being provided with a chambered portion 48 and a closure or cap 49 which `is arranged to close the bottom thereof. vThe-said gasolene intake-member 47 is provided with a suitably located screw-threaded opening v50 in the intake-member 47 is furthe-r provided with a cent-rally disposed and longitudinally extending du'ct or Oasolene passage 52 having an enlarged portion at its lower. end forming a conical valve-seat 53, and arranged between said gasolene int-ake-member 47 and the lower end ofsaid regulating valve 26 is a coiled spring 54 which tends to hold up said valve 26 in its operative position with relation to its casing 25 and to the hub-por? tion 21 of said throttle-shutter 22. Slidably arranged in said tubular member 31 of said regulating valve 26 is a valve-stem 55, the same extending downwardly through said gasolene duct or passage 52; said Valve-stem being provided witlija shut-olf valve-member 56 adapted to be seated upon said valveseat 53 arranged in the duct or passage 52. A coil-spring 57 is arranged between said cap or closure 49 and said shut-oil'I valvemember 56 so astomaint-ain the latter normally in its closing or Shut position. The upper free end of said valve-stein 55 passes upwardly' outof said tubular member 31, and is provided with screw-threads 58. Arranged in connection with the upper free end of said valve-stein 55, and secured upon its screw-threads 58, 4is al cap-like member 59 adapted to slidably contact with and inclose a portion of said upwardly extending Y portion 23 ofthe hub-portion 21 of said throttle-shutter 22.

Arranged,'p referably, in connection with said connecting pipe 4, and within the same.A is a bracket 60 which is provided with a centrally disposed bearing-portion 61. In like manner, there is secured in a` suitable location within said cylindrical shell or body 2 ano-ther bracket 62 also having a bearingportion 63. `Slidably supported in the respective bearing-portions 61 and G3, and extending longitudinally within said cylin drical shell or body 2 and its dome-like shell 3, is a rod 64 which is provided at its lower portion witha plurality of gear-teeth or a rack 65. Suitably secured upon said rod ($4 is a governor, preferably in the form of a disk 66, the peripheral edges of which normally rest upon a shoulder 67 formed within said cylindrical shell or body r2 and preferably at a point where the .same is joined by its dome-like shell 3. Arranged within said domeelikieI shell 3, so as toextend beneath said bearing-portion 61, is a spring-like tension regulator, the same comprising a forked arm 68 which straddles said rod 64, said forked armv being pivotally secured in a suitable manner lto a fulcrumblock 69, which in turn is suitably secured to the inner side of the wall of the dome-like shell 3. Said forked arm is provided, at or near its'fulcrum, with an operating arm 70, the said arm being engaged by the grooved end 71 of an operating screw 72 mounted in the walls of said dome-like-shell 3. Ar-

Aranged between the said forked arm 68 andl the upper side of said governor-disk'66 is a governor-spring 73, preferably' in the 4form of a tapering spiral, said spring being broader at its base where it contacts with the governor-disk 66, than at its top.- The purpose of this tapering construction is to pro- Vide agovernor-spring which will offer less .resist-ance to the operation of said governordisk 66 at 'the beginning of its movement, but which will increase said/resistance as the movement of the governor-diskincreases; ani-furthermore,'said form of spring permits a collapse or -compression of said spring into a less space vthan the ordinarily coiled spring, as will be clearly evident. Mounted in bearing-portions 74, formed `in said cylindrical shell or body 2, so as to ext-end laterally through and project beyond the walls of the same, is a shaft 75, the said shaft- 75 being provided with a pinion'or gear 76 which meshes with said gear teeth or rack 65 of the rod 64 carrying said governor-disk 66. Said sha; 75 extends outwardly upon one side of said cylindrical shell or body 2 and has connected therewith, in any suitable manner, a balance-wheel 77; and, in like manner, said shaft 75 extends outwardly Aupon the other side of said cylindrical shell or body 2 and has connected therewith, in any sultable manner, a cam-member 78. Ad-

justably connected with the screw-threaded upper end of said valve-stem 55 is a yokemember 7 9 which is provided with upwardly extending arms 80, the upper ends of which are (forked, as at 81, so that said v arms 80 may straddle said shaft 75, prefer.

ably, one oneither side of said cam-member 78. Mounted upon a pintle 82, suitably supported by said arms 80, isa roller 83 which is in rolling contact with the under side of said cam-member 78.

The operation of the novel construction of carbureter, constructed as set forth in theV detaileddescription thereof and hereinabove contained, briefly is as follows: lVhen it is desired to start an interval combustionv engine with which the .carbureter is connected, the throttle-lever or arm 24 is operated to partially open the throttle-shutter 22, which permit: the air to be taken in through said air-inlet. When the throttle is rst partially opened, only the spray-nozzle 38 of the gasolene passage or duct 34 is exposed to the action of the air.A The air which is taken in or sucked through the small throttle-opening passes said nozzle 38 and takes up the gasolene from the peripheral edges of said spray-nozzle 38,- thus providing a suicient mixture to readily operate the engine, so that the same starts easlly. At the minute that the air rushes into the carbureter it operates vupon the governor-disk 66 and raises the same against the tension of said governorspring 73, the air .mixed with gasolene -passing around said governor-disk and through the dome-like shell 3 and out of the carbureter-outlet. It is impossible for the air to pass said governor-disk 66 without moving the same. lWith the throttle-shutter 22 partially opened the carbureter properly supplies .to the .engine sutiicient gas for easily starting the same and for light running;

' but, upon f urther. opening the throttle, an

increased air-passage is obtained, thus ex-` posing successively the various spray-nozzles, so asto increase the supply of gasolenedistributing'surface with the increase of air. The opening of said throttle-shutter is accompanied simultaneously` with the operation of the regulating valve 26 which is ardevices is necessaryx'with ranged to always maintain the open relation of the duct or pipe 34, but which, when the'A throttle is closed, shuts ofi' the lducts or pipes 35 and 36. As the throttle-shutter opens the said valve 26 twists in its casing, thereby causing the horizontal channel 33 to successively communicate with the respective ducts or pipes 35 and 36, whereby an increased supply of gasolene is allowed to be carried to the spray-nozzles connected therewith. No matter at what position, however, said throttle-shutter is maintained, the governordisk 66 is operated by the inrushing air, and

`the upward movement of the disk 66 being communicated to saidrod 64 and its rack 65, the lat-ter causes a revolution of the shaft 75 and its cam-member 78. Said cammember 78, when thus revolved, presses upon the roller 83 whereby said yoke-member 79 and the valve-stem 55 are moved downwardly. v This movement tends to unseat the,

valve-member 56 and thus opens the passage 52, whereby a supply of gasolene passes through said regulatlng valve 26 1nto said vpipes or ducts 34,35 and36, as hereinabove described. Thus the opening and closing of ,said shut-olf valve 56 is operated by the governor-disk. 66, which in turn is operated by the inrushing air; and, hence, the supply of gasolene is always in proper proportion to the amountof air. entering sald carbureter,

and the supply is automatically. regulated and controlled according vto the needs of the engine. The vbalance -wheel 7 7 tends to steady the operation of the governor-disk, and prevents any sudden or erratic movements of the same, and prevents said disk from springing suddenly up to its full ex- -tent. The saidbalance wheel also tends to offer enough yfriction or resistance at the first movement of said diskso as to prevent sudden jumps or vibrations; and, at the same time it` permits of an acceleration of the movement of the disk when its resistance is partially overcome. It will thus beunderstood, that at the first suction-stroke of the engine, the'governor-disk rises and the fuel regulatable, so as to properly a juss-'the action of the governor-disiez which.- is 'con- 1,? trolled by said spring to the needs of the specitic engine to which the carburetor' may be,

attached. Once regulated it'needs little attention.

nations of the devices and parts as described in the said specification, nor do I confine myself to the exact details of the construetion o f the said parts as illustratedin the accompanying drawings.

1. In a carbureter, the combination with 'a shell or body, provided in its lower lend withan air-inlet, of a throttle-shutter adaptedv to open and close said air-inlet, a yplurality of gasolene-ductsv or pipes provided with spray-nozzle arranged Within the airinlet `of said shell or body beneath said tln'ottle-shutter, a regulating valve connected so as tooperate simultaneously with said throttle-shutter to regulate the flow of gasolene in said gasolene ducts or pipes, a gasalene shut-olf valve, and means for automatically opening and shutting said shut-oft' valve, substantially as and for the purposes set forth. i

2. In a carbureter, the combination with a .shell or body provided in its lower end with an' air-inlet, of a throttle-shutter adapted to open and close said air-inlet, a plurality of gasolene-ducts or pipes provided with spray-nozzles arranged Within the airinlet of said shell or body beneath said throttle-shutter, a regulating valve connected so as to operate simultaneously with said throttle shutter to regulate the flow of gasolene in said gasolene ducts or pipes, a gast lene shut-off valve, means for operating said shut-ofi' valve, and a governor arranged Withinv said shell or body for automatically operatingmsaid shut-off valve-operating means, substantially asV and for the purposes set forth. f

3. In a carbureter, the combination 1.Vith a shell or body provided in its lower end vvith an air-inlet, of a throttle shutter adapted to open and close said air-inlet, aplurality of gasolene-ducts or pipesprovided with spray-nozzles arranged Within the airinlet of said. shell or body beneath said throttle-shutter, a regulating valve connected so as to operate simultaneously with said throttle-shutter to regulate the flow of gasolone in said gasolene ducts or pipes, a gasolene shut-olf valve, a spring fornormally maintaining said shut-off valve in its closed position, a valve-stem connected With the movable member of said shut-oif valve, a yoke-member connected with the upper free end of said valve-stem, said yoke-member carrying a rol ler, a governor arranged Within said shell or body, and a cani-member operated by said governor to engage said roller and operate said shut-olf valve, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

Jr. Ina carburetor, body, gasolene-feeding means and a gasolene shut-olf valve of a governor for controlling the movement of said gasolene shut-olf valve, comprising a dome-like shell connected with the main body of said carburetor, a llongitudinall y slidable rod, a rack upon said rod, a governor-disk upon said rod adapted to move vertically in said dome-like shell, a transverse shaft extending through the main body of said carbureter, a pinion upon said shaft adapted to engage said rack, a balance-Wheel upon one end of said shaft adapted to engage means connected with said shut-off 'val stem to operate said shutofiI valve, anda governor-spring engaging said governor-disk, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

5. In a carburetor, body, gasolene-feedmg lene shut-off valve of a ling the movement of valve,

comprising a main .means and a gasogovernor for controlsaid gasolene shut-off comprising a dome-like shell connected with the main body of said carbureter, a longitudinally slidable rod, a rack upon said rod, a governor-disk upon said rod adapted to move vertically in said domelike shell, a transverse shaft extending through the main body of said carbureter, a pinion upon said shaft adapted to engage .said rack, a balance-wheel upon one end of said shaft, a cam-member uponthe other end of said shaft adapted to engage means connected With said shut off valve-stem to operate said shut off valve, a governorspring engaging said governor-disk, and means for regulating the tension of Asaid governor-spring, substantially as and ,for4

the purposes set forth. y In testimony, that I claim the invention set forth above I have hereunto set y hand this 13th day of August, 1910.

ZACHARIAH S. HOFFMAN. Witnesses: GEORGE D. RICHARDS, v FREDK. H. W. FRAENTZEL. 

